In Pakistan, online harassment and illegal surveillance are pervasive issues that disproportionately affect women and minorities. The Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act 2016, initially designed to combat cybercrime, has been criticized for its vague and broad provisions, which can be misused to suppress dissent and invade privacy.

Victims of online harassment often face significant challenges in seeking justice due to inadequate legal protections and a lack of enforcement mechanisms. Strengthening the legal framework and ensuring its proper implementation are essential to protect citizens’ digital rights and privacy.